ANALYTICAL ENGLISH 解析英語(常春藤)

Photo: Ivy English 照片：常春藤解析英語

D. The Halo Effect

According to the manager’s observation, Alisha performed exceptionally well at work and produced excellent reports. Based on this strong impression, he thought she must also be a capable leader and promoted her to team leader. After some time, the team started to fall apart and worked without clear direction, showing that Alisha’s leadership skills were actually weak. In hindsight, the manager realized that his judgment had been influenced too much by a single positive trait.

E. The Bandwagon Effect

Photo: Ivy English 照片：常春藤解析英語

Hailey passed by a drink shop she had never heard of before and noticed a long queue stretching outside the store. Seeing so many people waiting in line, she became convinced that the drink must be worth trying and joined the crowd. In the end, she waited for an hour. Her decision was influenced more by other people’s behavior than by her own evaluation.

F. The Anchoring Effect

Jeremy went shopping for a jacket and first saw one priced at NT$2,000. This price quickly became a standard in his mind. Later, he came across a similar jacket on sale for NT$1,500 and immediately bought it. He ended up spending more than he had planned. The initial price acted as an anchor and guided his judgment, making the discount seem more attractive than it actually was.

Photo: Ivy English 照片：常春藤解析英語

D. 月暈效應

根據經理的觀察，艾莉莎的工作表現極佳，且撰寫的報告也很優秀。根據這個強烈的印象，他認為她一定也是個有能力的領導者，並將她升遷為組長。過了一陣子，該團隊開始分崩離析、工作缺乏明確方向，顯示艾莉莎的領導能力其實很薄弱。事後來看，經理意識到自己的判斷過度受到單一優點的影響。

E. 從眾效應

海莉經過一間她從沒聽過的飲料店，注意到延伸至店外的長長排隊人龍。看到這麼多人在排隊等待，她深信那間店的飲料一定值得一試，於是她加入人群。最後，她等了一小時。她的決定更多是受到他人行為的影響，而非基於自己的評估。

F. 定錨效應

傑洛米去逛街買外套，一開始看上一件定價新臺幣兩千元的外套。這個價格很快成為他心目中的標準。後來，他發現一件類似的外套特價新臺幣一千五百元，馬上就買了下來。他最後花的錢比原本預計的金額還多。最初的價格是個錨點，引導了他的判斷，讓後來那件外套的折扣看起來比實際上更具吸引力。

What Did You Learn?

1. Which effects are demonstrated in the following passage?（多選題，請照短文順序選出效應前的英文大寫字母）

At a local music event, Harry drew attention with his lively stage presence and was later asked to organize the next show. However, he struggled to manage schedules and often missed important details. While preparing, he first tested a very loud sound system, and that level stayed in his mind. When he later tried a quieter one, he felt it was too weak and chose not to use it, even though it was more suitable for the venue.

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答案： D、F

2-3 請根據選文內容，從文章中選出兩個單詞，分別填入下列句子空格，並視句型結構需要作適當的字形變化，使句子語意完整、語法正確，並符合全文文意。每格限填一個單詞（word）。（填充題）

In daily life, people may overestimate their ability after limited experience, assume that other people will take __2__ if something happens, or memorize some details falsely and collectively. Many also rely too heavily on first impressions, follow others’ behavior without __3__ the situations, and are influenced by an early comparison.

答案： 2. action 3. evaluating

Words in Use

1. exceptionally adv. 特別，格外地

Scott is exceptionally good at solving complex mathematical problems.

史考特特別擅長破解複雜的數學問題。

2. impression n. 印象

Careless comments can create a negative impression in professional settings.

在專業場合中，粗心的言論可能會造成負面印象。

3. capable a. 有能力的

Andrew proved himself a capable engineer during the project.

安德魯在這項專案中證明自己是一名有能力的工程師。

4. leadership n. 領導力

Our manager’s leadership style focuses on collaboration rather than strict control.

我們經理的領導風格著重合作，而非嚴格控制。

5. hindsight n. 後見之明

in hindsight 事後看來

I changed my major in college. In hindsight, it turned out to be a very good decision.

我大學時換了主修，事後看來，那是個很好的決定。

Practical Phrases

1. promote sb to + 職位 晉升某人到某職位

The boss promoted Taylor to a higher executive role because of his excellent management skills.

老闆因為泰勒出色的管理能力而將他晉升到更高的管理職位。

2. fall apart　崩潰，瓦解

Our plan began to fall apart when unexpected problems kept appearing.

當意料之外的問題不斷出現時，我們的計畫開始崩潰。

3. be priced at. . . 定價為……

Tickets for the concert are priced at different levels depending on seating.

那場演唱會的門票依座位不同而有不同定價。

4.come across. . . 偶然發現……

We came across a small village hidden deep in the mountains while we were hiking.

我們在健行時，偶然發現一個隱匿於深山的小村莊。

5 end up V-ing 結果∕到頭來……

I chatted happily with my friend at the cafe and ended up missing the last bus.